Foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar sequências de lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos machos castrados. Foram utilizados 96 animais de duas linhagens selecionadas para deposição de carne, com peso inicial de 23,80 ± 1,07kg. Os suínos foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro sequências de lisina digestível e duas linhagens), com seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos corresponderam às seguintes sequências de lisina digestível: S1 = 0,80 - 0,70 - 0,60%; S2 = 0,90 - 0,80 - 0,70%; S3 = 1,00 - 0,90 - 0,80% e S4 = 1,10 - 1,00 - 0,90%, fornecidos respectivamente nas fases de 63 a 103; 104 a 133 e de 134 a 163 dias de idade. Não houve interação entre as sequências de lisina e linhagem. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o desempenho (ganho de peso diário, consumo de ração diário e conversão alimentar) e as características de carcaça (espessura de toucinho e quantidade de carne). O consumo diário de lisina digestível aumentou de forma linear com o aumento dos níveis de lisina digestível. A sequência de lisina digestível S1 (0,80; 0,70 e 0,60%) atende as exigências para desempenho e características de carcaça.

One experiment was conducted to evaluate sequences of digestible lysine on the performance and carcass traits of castrated male pigs. Ninety six barrows from two lines selected for meat deposition with initial weight of 23.78±1.07kg were used. The animals were allotted in a completely randomized block design, with a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (four digestible lysine sequences and two lines of pigs), with six replicates and two pigs per experimental unit that was represented by the pen. Treatments corresponded to the following sequences of digestible lysine levels: S1 = 0.80 - 0.70 - 0.60%; S2 = 0.90 - 0.80 - 0.70%; S3 = 1.00 - 0.90 - 0.80%, and S4 = 1.10 - 1.00 - 0.90% provided in the phases of 63 to 103, 104 to 133, and 134 to 163 days old, respectively. There was no interaction between the sequences of lysine and the lines of pigs for any variable of performance and carcass traits assessed. The sequences of digestible lysine did not influence performance parameters (average daily gain, average feed intake, and feed conversion) and carcass traits (backfat thickness, meat amount). The daily lysine intake increased linearly by increasing digestible lysine levels. The sequence of digestible lysine S1 (0.80; 0.70, and 0.60%) meets pig's requirement of both lines of pigs for performance and carcass traits.

This study was developed to evaluate the effects of adding L-glutamine and L-glutamate in diets with no lactose or with 4.0 or 8.0% lactose inclusion for piglets weaned at 21 days old. One hundred and eight piglets with initial weight of 6.12±0.70 kg were allotted in a complete randomized block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with six treatments, six replicates, and three piglets per experimental unit. The experimental diets were supplied from 21 to 35 days. From 36 to 49 days, animals received the same diet with no lactose inclusion, but the animals in the treatments with L-glutamine + L-glutamate in the previous phase continued to receive diets containing these ingredients. There was no interaction between the level of lactose and the inclusion of L-glutamine + L-glutamate on the parameters evaluated. The levels of lactose did not affect the performance of piglets in either of the two periods. Adding L-glutamine and L-glutamate in the diet positively influenced the weight gain of pigs from 21 to 49 days of age and increased the villous height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Inclusion of L-glutamine + L-glutamate in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age improves the performance and the intestinal mucosa morphology, regardless of lactose addition.

Ninety-six barrows from 63 to 103 days of age were used to evaluate the effects of dietary digestible lysine levels on performance and carcass traits of two genetic lines selected for lean deposition. Pigs with initial body weight of 23.800 ± 1.075 kg were allotted in a completely randomized block design, within a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (four digestible lysine levels: 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.10%, and two genetic lines), with six replicates and two pigs per experimental unit. There was no interaction between genetic and digestible lysine levels. The digestible lysine levels also did not influence performance or carcass traits of pigs; however, average daily lysine intake increased with increasing digestible lysine level in the experimental diets. Pigs from genetic line B had better carcass traits when compared with those from genetic line A. The level of 0.80% digestible lysine corresponding to a daily intake of 16.60 g digestible lysine meets the nutritional requirement of pigs from both genetic lines evaluated, from 63 to 103 days of age.

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de glutamina, nucleotídeos e plasma suíno nas rações sobre o desempenho, a morfologia intestinal e a resposta imune de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Utilizaram-se 252 leitões com peso inicial de 6,35 ± 0,80 kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, formados de acordo com o peso dos inicial dos animais, compondo sete tratamentos, seis repetições e seis animais por unidade experimental. Foram fornecidas uma ração controle e outras seis, formuladas com: glutamina (1,0%); ou um produto comercial de nucleotídeos; ou plasma suíno (2,0 ou 4,0%); ou plasma suíno (2,0%) + glutamina (1,0%); ou um produto comercial de nucleotídeos. As rações com plasma suíno proporcionaram os maiores ganhos de peso nos leitões aos 35 e 42 dias de idade. Os animais que receberam a ração controle apresentaram os piores resultados de ganho de peso. Nos primeiros 14 dias após o desmame, com exceção dos animais alimentados com a ração com nucleotídeos, todas as dietas com plasma proporcionaram maior consumo de ração. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso diário foram obtidos com as rações com nucleotídeos, 2 e 4% de plasma, plasma+glutamina e plasma+nucleotídeos. A conversão alimentar dos animais não foi influenciada pelas rações experimentais nas duas primeiras semanas após o desmame. No período total (21 a 42 dias de idade), os melhores resultados de consumo e ganho de peso dos animais foram observados com o fornecimento das rações com 2% de plasma suíno e plasma + glutamina. Os animais da ração controle apresentaram o pior ganho de peso. Os animais alimentados com as rações com glutamina, 2% de plasma e plasma + nucleotídeos apresentaram a melhor conversão alimentar durante todo o período experimental estudado. A altura de vilosidades e a profundidade de criptas, assim como a população de leucócitos e linfócitos, não foram influenciadas pelas rações experimentais. A utilização de glutamina, plasma suíno e nucleotídeos na ração melhora o ganho de peso de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade.

The effect was asessed of adding glutamine, nucleotides and spray-dried swine plasma on the performance, intestinal mucosal structure and immune response of piglets weaned at twenty one days. Two hundred and fifty two piglets, initial weight 6.35 ± 0.80 kg, were used placed in a randomized complete block deaign conducted in seven treatments, six replications and six animals per experimental unit. The initial weight of the animals was considered in the formation of the blocks. The treatments consisted of: the control diet, diet with 1.0% glutamine, diet with a commercial nucleotide product, diet with 2.0% swine plasma, diet with 4.0% swine plasma, diet with 2.0% swine plasma and 1.0% glutamine, diet with 2.0% swine plasma and commercial nucleotide product (PN). The diets with swine plasma gave the greatest weight gains to the piglets at 35 and 42 days of age. In the first fourteen days, with exception of piglets in treatment PN, all piglets fed diets with plasma had higher intake (IRD). The best results for daily weight gain (WGD) were obtained with diets with nucleotides, 2% and 4% plasma, Plasma + glutamine and plasma + nucleotides. The feed:gain ratio (FGR) of the animals was not effected by the experimental diets in the first two weeks after weaning. In the whole period (21 to 42 days of age) the best results for intake and weight gain were observed with the supply of diets with 2% swine plasma and plasma + glutamine. The animals fed the control diet presented the worst performance results. The animals fed diets with glutamine, 2% plasma and plasma + nucleotides presented the best feed conversion throughout the experimental period. The villous height, crypt depth and the leukocyte and lymphocyte populations were not influenced by the treatments. The use of glutamine, nucleotide and swine plasma improves the performance of piglets weaned at 21 days of age.